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The state of California defines a net-zero building as one which, on an annual basis, consumes as much or less energy than is renewably generated on site.
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Passive HouseRather than stipulating on-site renewable energy generation, this standard simply defines the maximum energy use, minimum air tightness, and minimum thermal comfort.
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Zero CarbonIn some ways, the zero carbon designation is the most stringent of the three. This standard stipulates how energy efficient a building must be as well as the renewable energy generated by it. However, the balance between consumption and generation is measured with the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide emitted or offset, respectively.
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